Reference

N95 is a NIOSH (US) filtering facepiece rating; FFP2 and FFP3 come from Europe's EN 149. The filtration numbers look close — 95%, 94%, 99% — but the test methods, leakage requirements, and legal acceptance differ. Here is the honest conversion logic, the markings that prove authenticity, and what each jurisdiction accepts.

Canada's CSA Z94.1 and the US ANSI/ISEA Z89.1 hard hat standards use the same Type and Class language but differ in testing and certification. Here is how the two systems map, what the shell sticker must say in each jurisdiction, and why dual-certified hats solve the cross-border problem for contractors.

OSHA 29 CFR 1910.106 limits flammable storage cabinets to 60 gallons of Class I or II liquids and requires double-walled steel construction with self-closing doors. NFPA 30 governs local fire code compliance.

OSHA Ladder Requirements: OSHA regulates portable ladders in general industry under 29 CFR 1910.23 (the 2017 Walking-Working Surfaces Final Rule) and in construction under 29 CFR 1926.1053 .

OSHA 29 CFR 1910.151 requires adequate first aid supplies in every workplace without a nearby medical facility. ANSI/ISEA Z308.1-2021 defines Class A and Class B kit contents.

OSHA 29 CFR 1910.135 requires hard hats wherever falling objects or electrical hazards exist. ANSI/ISEA Z89.1 defines Type I and Type II impact classes plus Class E, G, and C electrical ratings.

OSHA Guardrail Requirements: OSHA requires guardrail systems - or an equivalent fall protection method - on any open-sided floor, platform, or runway that is 4 feet or more above a lower level in general industry (29 CFR 1910.28), or 6 feet or more above a lower level in construction (29 CFR 1926.501).